What does racism refer to?

Racism refers to the belief that one race is superior to another, which manifests as discrimination, prejudice, and antagonism directed against individuals of different races. This belief system leads to systemic inequalities and social injustices that can be seen in numerous aspects of society, including education, employment, and law enforcement. When individuals or groups hold that their race is inherently better, it creates an environment of division and hostility, often resulting in harmful stereotypes and dehumanization of those from marginalized racial backgrounds. Understanding this definition is crucial for recognizing and combating the various forms of racism in society.

The other options represent concepts that are fundamentally different from racism. For instance, the idea of promoting equal rights or racial harmony actively contradicts the principles of racism, as these notions support equality and inclusivity rather than superiority. Similarly, denying race as a factor in society overlooks the persistent impacts of racial dynamics and systemic inequality, failing to address the realities faced by those affected by racism.