Which of the following is an example of an intentional form of racism?

Overt discrimination is an intentional form of racism because it involves explicit actions or policies that reflect racial prejudice or discriminatory attitudes towards individuals based on their race. This form of racism is clear and direct, often manifesting in practices such as denying opportunities, services, or rights to certain racial groups. It is characterized by a conscious choice to treat people differently based on their race, and it is easily identifiable through specific acts or statements.

In contrast, systematic bias in legislation may stem from historical or structural issues rather than an individual’s intentional act. Subtle cultural assumptions often operate below the level of conscious awareness, and unconscious bias in hiring reflects biases that individuals may not even be aware they hold. While these other forms of racism can perpetuate inequality and discrimination, they often do so in less direct manners compared to the explicit nature of overt discrimination. This distinction highlights why overt discrimination is categorized as an intentional form of racism.